Determine the degree of obesity. Causes of excess weight. Can you trust the assessment?

An article on the stages and types of obesity in men, women and children (photo), how to determine the BMI and degree (table), whether they take to the army and how many kg a person has at 1,2 and 3 degrees. Here you will find comprehensive answers to all questions regarding the diagnosis of excess weight and the prognosis of future life.

I congratulate everyone on the first day of 2012 and I hope that you will spend the long weekend with benefit, and not just sitting stupidly at the TV. It's time to start doing some kind of sport or fitness in the gym. Already now you can prepare for the new summer season, because you will not have time to look back, and spring is already knocking, as they say.

Every person needs to physically load themselves, and not just those who will be discussed in this article. For example, I have a BMI of 22, but this does not mean that I can relax, there is always the opportunity to increase this level to 30, for example. Therefore, I do fitness 3 times a week, which is what I wish you.

Determining the degree of obesity in women and men is necessary to assess the severity of the disease. There are several methods for assessing the degree of obesity. What methods and how they are used, let's figure it out.

Due to our mentality and folk traditions, fullness (obesity) is still not considered a disease. And this is bad, because this condition can lead to more serious disorders in the body, such as impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, at least.

“What is the blood sugar level in prediabetes?” Read my article. Therefore, in the light of recent studies, obesity has been identified as a separate nosological form in ICD 10, that is, it is already an independent disease that needs to be treated.

To understand whether a patient is obese, various formulas are used to assess the degree of obesity.

Among the causes of excess weight, about 95% is occupied by exogenous constitutional and alimentary obesity, in other words, these are people with a predisposition to weight gain and at the same time not watching their diet. A person who has a genetic predisposition, but carefully monitors nutrition and actively engages in physical activity, rarely gains extra pounds.

The remaining 5% - obesity, as a symptom of any endocrine disease.

At the same time, in medicine there are 2 concepts:

overweight
actually obesity

The first could be called pre-obesity, it is not yet a disease, but in the future it develops into obesity. The second is that very obesity, as a separate disease, which has stages of development and which must be treated so that it does not develop into something more serious.

How to distinguish between these two concepts in practice? To do this, there are indices and indicators of obesity. Consider the most widely known of them and try to calculate the degree of obesity, if any.

BMI is the most popular method for assessing excess weight, it is used throughout the world. It is calculated as follows: body weight (kg) / height (m) squared.

There are three stages or degrees (1,2 and 3), as you like. In the table below you see the same correspondence between the degrees of obesity and body mass index numbers. And even lower, you can quickly calculate your BMI from the table, knowing your weight and height (pictures are clickable, click to enlarge).

The calculation of BMI can also be done using an online calculator, of which there are a lot on the Internet. All of them are based on the same formula, so you can choose any. I don’t have such a calculator on my blog yet, but I will in the future.

Another indicator is an indicator of ideal body weight. It is calculated as follows: P \u003d 50 kg + (T - 150) * 0.75, where P is the ideal weight, T is height in cm. This calculation is correct for men. For women: subtract 3.5 kg from the ideal weight of a man.

Knowing your ideal body weight, you can calculate how many kg you have extra and what level of excess weight. As a result, we get the old classification of obesity, where 1,2,3 and 4 degrees are distinguished.

At the first degree of obesity, body weight exceeds the ideal by 29%, at the second degree - from 30 to 49%, at the third - from 50 to 99%, and the fourth degree is an excess of more than 100%. The extreme condition is also called morbid obesity.

This is the most extreme degree of obesity, a very serious and dangerous condition. At the same time, sometimes a person cannot serve himself at all. Don't allow yourself to do this!

It is not only the fact of excess weight that matters, but also its distribution. Therefore, you need to determine your type of obesity and begin to solve the problem. There are android and gynoid types of obesity.

The gynoid (female) type, or it is also called pear-shaped obesity, is characterized by the deposition of fat on the thighs and buttocks.
For the android (male) type, it is also called apple-shaped or upper obesity, the deposition of internal fat is characteristic, as well as on the waist and abdomen, which gives the figure the shape of an apple. It is for the male type that there is a high risk of developing both diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular complications.

I'll tell you now how a woman can gain weight. When gaining weight, a woman can follow one of two paths: the path of gynoid obesity or the path of android. In the photo below you see two real female models with different types of fat deposition.

The one on the left has a female appearance of the distribution of fat mass (rather thin waist and full hips), in the photo on the right you see a woman with fat that has been deposited on the abdomen and waist, and the hips are relatively thin - this is male-type obesity or abdominal.

Types of obesity in men

If you think that men can gain weight and store fat in a male pattern, then you are wrong. Recently, there are more and more men who have a female type of obesity, as in the photo below (on the left, the distribution of fat by female type).

Fortunately, this type is quite rare, most often you can see "beer tummies" like this one. This is the most dangerous type in terms of the development of metabolic disorders and requires urgent treatment.

To determine the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular complications, the ratio: waist circumference / hip circumference is used. Normally, for men, this indicator should be no more than 1.0, and for women - no more than 0.85. If these figures are higher, then the risk of developing complications in the face of type 2 diabetes increases.

Another important indicator is the size of the waist. Normally, in men, it should not exceed 94 cm, and in women - 80 cm. Exceeding these indicators also leads to an increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

Each person has the opportunity to calculate their ideal weight and begin to implement measures to reduce their real weight in order to avoid the symptoms of diabetes in the future.

But, however, it is worth considering that these calculation formulas are not very suitable for children and athletes. This is due to different proportions in children and the predominance of muscle mass in athletes and bodybuilders. In this section, we consider the problem of diagnosing excess weight in small representatives of humanity.

Unfortunately, I state the fact that the incidence of obesity among children is steadily growing every year. In Russia, it has not yet become an epidemic, but in developed countries, doctors and scientists are literally screaming that overweight children are approaching a critical point.

If the Russians continue to adhere to the Western standard of living and inspire their children with their values, then in a dozen years a similar fate awaits us too (see photo above). Take care of your children! After all, excess weight is not only chubby cheeks and soft rounded shapes, but also a lot of concomitant pathology.

Children, just like adults, can get obesity of the first, second, and even third degree. This is especially true for adolescents and children of the first years of life. Since it is during this period that there is an active division of adipose tissue cells.

If you suspect a child has weight disease, then you can quickly and easily calculate BMI, which correlates with fat mass in both adults and children, and as recommended by the WHO. I wrote about this formula at the beginning of the article. The evaluation of the calculation results is similar, namely:

overweight corresponds to a BMI of 25 to 30
obesity of the 1st degree corresponds to a BMI from 30 to 35
obesity of the 2nd degree corresponds to a BMI from 35 to 40
obesity of the 3rd degree corresponds to a BMI of more than 40

But this method is very rough and does not take into account children's parameters. Pediatric endocrinologists use a more accurate method - the use of percentile or centile tables, which compares the weight, height, sex and age of children. Agree that this method is more individual. A child's body weight is considered overweight when the indicator is within the 85-95th centile, and obesity starts at the 95th centile.

Modern centile tables were created recently in 2006 based on the Multi-Focus Growth Standards Study (MGRS). They are created in each country, taking into account national characteristics. They use a system of standard deviations (SDS - standard deviation score). WHO uses standard deviations of -1, -2, -3 SDS, median, and +1, +2, +3 SDS.

Based on WHO recommendations, obesity in children and adolescents should be defined as +2.0 SDS BMI, and overweight from +1.0 to +2.0 SDS BMI. Below I give a photo of the official table for boys from 2 to 5 years old and show how to use it correctly (click on the image to enlarge it). Then you can download a file with tables for all ages and calculate for your child.

So, in the first column you see the age - year / month, in the second column you see the age in months, we skip the next three. We look at the last 7 columns. The median column means the average BMI for this age and is considered normal if your indicator fits into the indicators between the -1SD and 1SD columns.

If the BMI is from 1SD to 2SD, then this indicates that the child is overweight. If more than 2SD - obesity.

Still there is not in the form of tables, but in the form of graphs. Here, whichever is more convenient for you. The chart looks like this. I took as an example the BMI for boys from 5 to 19 years old (the picture is clickable)

Here you see 5 lines that divide the chart into 6 intervals. The BMI is read as the norm, which falls between the yellow lines. Horizontally is age, and vertically is BMI. I hope you remember how to calculate it.

As you can see, this graph does not indicate SD, but the centiles that I spoke about at the beginning. Thus, the old and modern designation are combined. You can download charts for different ages here.

This question interests many young people, as well as their parents. After all, complete recruits can become the subject of ridicule and bullying among more slender comrades. When I was still working in a state hospital, I had to fill out a bunch of acts from the military registration and enlistment office on obesity, and some recruits had to serve our Motherland.

And all because not all overweight men fall under the exemption and even deferment. When you come to the commission, they weigh you there, measure your height and calculate your BMI. According to the results of the calculation, a diagnosis of "Obesity" is made and a referral is given to an endocrinologist for examination. Guaranteed to serve young people with 1 degree of obesity and overweight.

Those with grade 2 obesity receive a delay of 6 months, then all over again. And those who have grown their body to 3 degrees of obesity most often receive a life-long exemption from service, but unfortunately, this is not always the case. Sometimes with the third degree they can only give a reprieve and later you have to repeat everything again. According to BMI 4, the degree of obesity does not exist.

That's all for me. Exercise and your body will thank you! What sport do you do? How do you feel about him in general?

With warmth and care, endocrinologist Lebedeva Dilyara Ilgizovna

Overweight can be observed in many people, especially since the introduction of fast food in the diet. In some, the degree of obesity is insignificant, in others, the stage of the disease is expressed in tens of extra pounds. The obesity table will help you calculate the body mass index for men and women, thanks to which you can find out the stage of painful fullness. In order to contact a nutritionist at an early stage, and not bring the set of extra pounds to the state of a deadly morbid phase.

What is obesity

Excessive formation and deposition of adipose tissue in the human body is called obesity or liposis. Excess fat accumulates in the subcutaneous tissue, omentum and other tissues of the human body. This process is a disease that is characterized by an increase in the total mass of the human body by more than 20% of the norm. Excess weight causes psychophysical discomfort. But the worst thing is that a large mass entails pathologies of the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, reproductive and digestive systems.

The accumulation of excess body fat often occurs due to an imbalance between the intake of energy resources from food and their expenditure. Energy costs differ depending on the lifestyle of each person. When more calories come from food than the body consumes, the unspent nutritional resources are converted into fat. The source of extra pounds can be many factors, it all depends on the characteristics of the human body.

Causes of liposis:

overeating (90% of cases);
physical inactivity (70% of cases);
endocrine diseases;
metabolic disorder;
diabetes.;
hereditary predisposition;
physiological conditions (pregnancy, lactation, menopause).

To calculate the type of liposis, it is first necessary to know the weight rate according to height. A normal indicator of human body weight is the number obtained by subtracting the figure 100 from the height in centimeters. 15% for women and 10% for men must be subtracted from the value obtained. For a BMI corresponding to the average norm, it is considered to be an indicator from 18 to 25 kg / m2.

Depending on the indicators of the human body mass index, the stage of obesity is classified into 4 types:

I - deviation from the normal value by 10–28%.
II - deviation from the norm by 30-48%.
III - excess of the prescribed norm by 50–98%.
IV - difference from the normal indicator by 100% or more.

How to determine the degree of obesity

You can correctly calculate the degree of obesity using a special formula. When calculating BMI, the height and weight of a person are taken into account. The abdominal Quetelet index looks like this: IR = weight / height2. After the personal value of the human body mass index is obtained, it must be compared with the data of a special obesity calculation table in order to establish the individual stage of liposis.

Table of obesity by weight and height

How personal weight differs from the normal value is easy to determine on your own. For these purposes, there is a table for calculating obesity. Knowing your height and weight, you can calculate the presence of extra pounds, and at what stage is the pathological process of liposis. The number at the intersection of the height column with the weight value column will show the BMI.

Weight (kilograms)

The degree of obesity by BMI

The calculation of the indicators of the human body mass index is made by dividing one's own weight by the squared height in meters. The resulting number must be compared with the data in the obesity calculation table. Depending on the degree of obesity according to the body mass index, there is a classification that helps to determine at what stage of painful fullness a particular person is. The stages of overweight by BMI are shown in the table:

obesity classification

The pathology associated with the accumulation of extra pounds is divided depending on the causes, the nature of the distribution of excess fatty tissues, the body's ability to grow adipocytes. History taking, laboratory and hardware studies in the diagnosis of liposis of a certain type are carried out in order to prescribe the appropriate treatment. Obesity is classified by degree and by other indicators, such as:

morphological systematization of body fat: hypertrophic or hyperplastic liposis;
places of localization of fat deposits on the body: abdominal, gynoid or mixed type;
forms of painful fullness depending on the genesis: endocrine, cerebral, drug-induced or alimentary obesity.

The abdominal (android) type is conventionally referred to as the "apple". It refers to the male form of liposis, which is more common. About 40% of men in various forms are subject to the android type of painful fullness. With abdominal obesity, deposits accumulate in the abdomen and waist. The accumulation of extra pounds according to the upper type in men appears closer to the age of 30, and if this process is not stopped, it continues throughout life.

The gynoid type is conditionally called a "pear" and is more often observed in women due to hormonal disorders. Fat with this variant of painful fullness according to the female type accumulates in the thighs and buttocks. Fat deposits according to the lower type in women can accumulate not only with age with a slowdown in metabolism, but also after childbirth and during breastfeeding.

The cause of childhood obesity is often heredity or “family syndrome”, when overeating and physical inactivity are a habitual way of life for both parents. Asymptomatic obesity of the first degree in children or adolescents can occur due to congenital pathologies such as hypothyroidism (lack of thyroid hormones), adrenal gland disease (Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome), adipose-genital dystrophy and other diseases.

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In the modern world, obesity can be safely attributed to one of the most pressing problems. As a result of impaired fat metabolism, not only external changes in the figure are noted, internal systems and organs also suffer. At the same time, there are several stages of obesity, which can be calculated using a simple formula, based on height and body weight.

Causes

Before moving on to the obesity table, which includes its degrees, it is necessary to consider what causes the development of pathology and symptoms that indicate a problem. Most often, pathology is the result of an imbalance between the energy that enters the body and is subsequently spent. If it is simpler - an excess of calories, not having time to be used up, turns into body fat.

If we talk about the reasons that provoke the formation of excess body weight in humans, we should consider two basic groups to which they are referred - exogenous and endogenous. The first includes the following types of pathology:

Alimentary obesity, the main causes of which are lack of physical activity, overeating and incorrectly compiled menus, preference given to fast food, the presence of stress and depression in life. The disease is often hereditary.
The exogenous species is characterized by a progressive nature and is mainly characteristic of people whose occupation involves being in a sitting position most of the time.
The visceral view is characterized by the formation of adipose tissue around the organs, while gender does not matter. The treatment of this particular type of obesity is difficult, the pathology can provoke the development of diabetes, as it occurs against the background of disturbed metabolic processes.

As for endogenous types of the disease, there are cerebral and endocrine obesity. The appearance of the first is promoted by injuries, inflammatory processes and neoplasms of the brain of a different nature. The second is formed due to the impaired functionality of the hormonal system, with diseases of the pituitary gland, the presence of hypofunction of the thyroid gland, and the sex glands. Both species are not classified as hereditary diseases.

Classification of pathology

Now about what types of pathology are. Classifying fat deposits in accordance with their localization, determine:

Femoral-buttock obesity, which is most often observed in females, is concentrated in the region of the hips and buttocks.
Abdominal fat deposits are mainly concentrated in the abdomen and are characteristic for the most part of the stronger sex.
The mixed type is characterized by an even distribution of body fat throughout the body.

Pathology is progressive or stable, in accordance with the mechanism of development, it is divided into primary, secondary and endocrine. Regardless of the mechanism of formation and type, the main symptom of pathology is excess body weight. At the beginning of the development of the condition, it may be noted:

profuse sweating;
drowsiness;
the appearance of puffiness;
violation of the stool - in particular, constipation;
joint and spinal pain.

As the disease progresses, people begin to observe clear signs of malfunction of the respiratory, vascular and digestive systems, and the heart muscle. In women in a state of obesity, the menstrual cycle may be disturbed, in men there are problems with potency. Both sexes may experience reproductive dysfunction. In addition, excess body weight over time leads to psychological problems, causing depressive states and neuroses against the background of dissatisfaction with one's body.

It should be remembered. The main danger of the disease is not so much in the formation of adipose tissue, but in the complications that develop due to obesity. It is they who, in especially severe cases, can cause death.

Calculation of degrees of obesity

Let's talk about how to find out the type of pathology, and how the degree of obesity is determined. First of all, when signs of the disease appear, it is necessary to visit a medical institution, where specialists will collect an anamnesis and analyze it. In this case, it will be necessary to take into account the hereditary predisposition, the duration of the course of the disease, the lifestyle of the victim and his daily diet. After that, BMI is calculated - body mass index, the nature of the distribution of fatty tissues is determined by measuring the volume of the waist and hips. After the calculation, the result allows you to understand how many kg are extra, and in some cases, not enough to the norm.

BMI is calculated by dividing body weight, taken in kilograms, by height, squared, taken in meters. Here is a simple example of applying the formula:

let the woman's height be 1m 75 cm;
her body weight is 90 kg;
then BMI = 90 / 1.75 x 1.75 = 29.4.

However, it is not enough just to calculate the value, you need to understand what it points to. The obesity table clearly demonstrates all possible stages of the disease:

Less than or equal to 16	Severe weight loss.	The condition can manifest itself in bloating and nausea, the appearance of constant pain, discomfort after eating. In this case, both the explicit severity of the pathology and its latent form are possible.
16 to 18.5	Deficiency (insufficiency) of weight.	Symptoms usually manifest visually - they note the loss of adipose tissue in the chest and abdomen, fatigue and weakness are possible, irritability appears, depressive states become frequent.
18.5 to 25	An indicator of the norm.
25 to 30	Preobesity.	Drowsiness, chronic fatigue appear, appetite increases and metabolism slows down, skin problems are possible in the form of sweating and oiliness, the formation of abscesses. There is shortness of breath with physical activity.
30 to 35	Obesity I degree.	With this degree of obesity, it is quite easy to eliminate the problem by using diet therapy and sports.
35 to 40	Obesity II degree.	The risk of complications in relation to the heart and vascular system, and other organs increases. Kilograms that can be lost during therapy can quickly come back, while diet and lifestyle changes may not be enough.
40 or more	Obesity III degree.	Considering the pathology, we can conclude that this stage is the most dangerous, since shortness of breath becomes constant, symptoms of heart and respiratory failure appear. The resulting complications can lead to death.

Determining independently the level of development of pathology, it is necessary to take all measures to obtain the most accurate result. To this end, experts recommend:

Check the weight in the morning on an empty stomach, after visiting the bathroom - both the intestines and the bladder must be cleaned.
Growth is also recommended to be measured in the morning, since during the day it can decrease from 0.5 to 2 cm.

You should also be aware of the shortcomings that this definition of BMI has. The above formula does not take into account the age category, which is also of considerable importance, like gender. Studies show that the BMI of the stronger sex is higher than that of women. A significant difference is also noticeable when comparing the results of representatives of the middle age group with young and old people.

Assessing the level of pathology using BMI should be done with some caution, since there are many factors under the influence of which the result may be incorrect. For example, there is no certainty in the correctness of the result if, using this method, the physique of a professional athlete is assessed. Increased body weight can be explained by developed muscles.

Attention! If, when calculating BMI, the result is below or above the norm, self-medication and panic is not the best way out. The first - and most correct step - is to contact a qualified specialist who will accurately determine the degree of obesity and prescribe the correct treatment.

Other methods for determining the optimal weight

It should be noted that the formula discussed above is the easiest to use, but it is far from the only way to determine the degree of obesity. Many calculation indexes take into account many details - not only gender and age category, but also the type of figure, waist circumference, body and leg length.

If we talk about the definition of the norm, the table below discusses the most popular indices for calculating the optimal weight:

For calculations of normal body weight, not only indicators of height and weight can be used. Another possibility, how to determine obesity, is the Korovin method, which takes into account the thickness of the skin fold. The area of skin located opposite the third rib is evaluated. Normally, its thickness should not exceed 1.1-1.5 cm. If the fold is increased to two centimeters, they indicate the presence of obesity.

Considering obesity by degrees, one cannot ignore the indices, with the help of which the accumulation of fatty tissues around organs is assessed. We are talking about central obesity, which is much more dangerous than subcutaneous peripheral pathology. Indices in this case allow you to objectively assess the condition of the victim, the most famous are the following formulas for determining the severity of the pathology:

WHR is the ratio of waist circumference to pelvic circumference. At the same time, waist measurements are made at the level of the navel, the girth of the hips in the widest place. For the fairer sex, the normal indicator should not exceed 0.85, for men it should be no more than 1.
WTR is the ratio of the circumference of the waist to the circumference of the leg, which should be measured at the thigh, its upper third. At the same time, for women, the rate will be less than 1.5, for men - the result is no more than 1.7.
WAR is the ratio of the circumference of the waist to the circumference of the arm, which is measured at the site of the largest volume of the biceps. In this case, the norm for both sexes is no more than 2.4.
Another index is WHtR, which is the ratio of waist circumference to height. For both men and women, the norm is an indicator not exceeding 0.5.

Despite the wide variety of methods for calculating normal weight and the shortcomings inherent in the formula for determining BMI, it is she who is most often used to determine the stages of obesity.

Treatment methods for pathology at the first and second stages

Methods for eliminating pathology largely depend on the stage at which it is located. It is quite natural that in the initial stages it is much easier to cope with any disease. In this case, the most effective therapy will be when using complexes of measures. If obesity is at the initial, first stage, treatment includes:

The appointment of a diet, the main principle of which is to reduce the number of calories consumed throughout the day. You will also need to reduce the level of lipids, carbohydrates. Nutrition must be fractional - portion sizes are reduced, while reducing the intervals between meals. Animal fats should be replaced with vegetable fats.
Daily exercise - they should be regular and properly selected. There are special complexes that are repeated 3-5 times at the initial stage. Gradually, the number of repetitions should increase. An increase in physical activity provides a good result, for the appearance of which, however, a lot of time must pass.
As an additional method, folk recipes are used, which must be applied after consultation with the attending physician. One of the most popular recipes is ginger infusion. It is prepared by pouring 50 grams of crushed fresh plant root with 1000 ml of boiled liquid. After that, a small amount of fresh mint and half a lemon cut into thin slices are added to the drink. After the drink is infused, it must be taken before the meal. The volume of each serving is 200 ml.
Charcot shower and Aqua aerobics can be assigned.

Diet in the case of the development of the first degree of obesity is the most effective method, while sugar and natural honey, confectionery and ice cream, soda, along with sweet and alcoholic drinks, sweet fruits are removed from the menu without fail. It is necessary to limit the consumption of pasta, semolina, potatoes, rice and bread.

Pickles, along with canned food, become a forbidden product; rich broths, spirits, sauces and spices also fall into this category.

If we consider the sources of carbohydrates, it is better to give preference to the use of vegetables, beans, whole grain cereals, dietary bread and sour fruits, berries. Purified water can be drunk without limiting its quantity, but one should not forget about its proper use. During the meal, you can not drink liquid, it is better to do this 20 minutes or 60 minutes after eating.

In the presence of a second degree of obesity, the following can be prescribed:

A more strict diet, selected by a nutritionist - the diet should be low in calories, vegetables and fruits of fruit trees prevail on the menu.
Taking into account the age category and the general condition of the patient, a specialist can write out a referral for physiotherapy exercises.
The use of phytotherapeutic recipes with the use of herbs that create the effect of saturation is recommended. At the same time, due to their swelling in the stomach, a decrease in appetite is achieved. Usually used flaxseeds or angelica. A good effect can have diuretic herbal ingredients - parsley root or lingonberry leaf.
With the development of complications, medications may be involved, their intended effect includes a decrease in appetite, the removal of excess fluid from the body.

Attention! Even with minor deviations from the norm, one cannot self-medicate; any of the medicines must be selected individually by the attending specialist.

How to treat pathology of the third and fourth degree

In the third stage of obesity, it is not enough just to determine the BMI, an effective treatment regimen is based on the results of the survey. You will need to donate blood to determine the level of hormones, sugar, to find out the main reason that provokes weight gain. At this stage, it will not be possible to cope with the disease on its own, as for the therapeutic regimen, the doctor prescribes:

Low-calorie diet with restriction of the use of carbohydrates, sugar. The nutrition is fractional, while it is very important to gradually reduce the volume of portions and assign fasting days throughout the week.
Physical activity is necessary, but at the beginning of treatment, the pace of execution should be moderate. You should start with simple morning exercises, walking short distances has a good effect. After the body weight is significantly reduced, classes can become more active.
The specialist may prescribe certain pharmaceutical preparations, while self-medication is unacceptable.

It should be understood that at the third degree of obesity it is impossible to solve the problem on your own, diet and exercise are not very effective. Patients endure them with difficulty, it is difficult to carry out sets of exercises in this state, and the return is not effective enough. In addition, at this stage, the victims are not able to control the pathological appetite, if pharmaceutical preparations are not used, it will not be possible to avoid breakdowns.

Surgical intervention aimed at reducing the volume of the stomach is also possible. To achieve this goal, special balloons introduced into the stomach can also be used. This approach allows the victim to quickly feel full and control their own excessive appetite.

Obesity of the fourth stage is very rare, since it is far from always possible to live up to it in the presence of a progressive pathology. Only a very hardy and strong organism is able to survive when the excess body weight is twice the norm. The fourth stage is often called monstrous, which is due to the appearance of the victim.

Therapy for obesity of the 4th degree is practically ineffective, and even in the case of successful shedding of extra pounds, the problem of stretched skin remains. To return an acceptable appearance, the victim has to undergo plastic surgery. In addition, to reduce weight, surgery is possible:

Liposuction eliminates excess fatty tissue, which reduces the load on internal organs.
Vertical gastroplasty allows you to divide the stomach into two sections. The upper one after surgery decreases in volume, as a result of which it fills up faster, providing a feeling of fullness.
During gastric bypass, a certain part of the organ is isolated, as a result, it is possible to significantly reduce the volume of portions. The menu will need to add minerals and vitamins.
In biliopancreatic shunting, part of the stomach must be removed. During the next life the patient will have to consume vitamins and minerals.

As for medicines, in this case their use is not very justified, since the victim's body is in serious condition.

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Poor ecology, unhealthy diet, low mobility and constant stress are the most common causes of weight gain. According to statistics, more than 60% of Russians dream of losing weight. For some, this desire is a tribute to modern beauty standards: being fat is unfashionable. Others seriously fear for their health. In this article, we will talk about the degrees and stages of obesity, tell you how many there are in total, explain how to independently determine the scale of the problem using weight and height tables, and help calculate body weight indicators using special medical formulas.

When to Take Action

If you weigh a little more than you want, your health is not at risk. From a medical point of view, a few extra pounds do not play a significant role in the successful functioning of the body and the proper functioning of the systems of internal organs. There remains the aesthetic side of the issue. Who does not want to have a beautiful figure and catch admiring glances? To do this, it is not necessary to torture yourself with strict diets and exhausting workouts in gyms. It is enough to contact our specialists. For more than 20 years, the Elena Morozova Slimming Clinic has been restoring harmony to men and women, without forcing them to radically change their eating habits and habitual lifestyle.

If a person likes to eat and moves little, his body accumulates energy resources, instead of wasting them. Excess calories become adipose tissue. If it is too much, doctors diagnose obesity. He's not as harmless as he might seem.

In overweight people, acute forms of diseases quickly turn into chronic ones. Excess weight brings with it many unpleasant pathologies:

Blood circulation is disturbed throughout the body. This affects the cardiovascular system. The risk of heart attack and stroke increases.
There are problems with pressure. Most people who are overweight are familiar with hypertension firsthand.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops.
Vision drops.
The spine and joints suffer.

Obesity is a common modern problem. Because of it, not only the appearance of a person worsens, but also his well-being.

Therefore, you need to know how to prevent its formation, as well as find out when the weight is considered normal, and when its indicators exceed the norm.

Reasons for being overweight

Women are more likely to suffer from extra pounds, as their body is more prone to gaining them.

The ability to bear a child also contributes to this, since the fetus must be protected by a fatty layer.

But this does not mean that the problem does not affect men. This pathology is widespread, which is caused by the peculiarities of the life of modern people.

The main factors that contribute to the accumulation of excess fat are:

overeating (especially high-calorie foods rich in carbohydrates);
features of metabolism;
heredity;
insufficient physical activity;
diseases of the endocrine system;
the use of hormonal drugs;
non-compliance with the diet (it means eating at different times or consuming too large portions, which is explained by the rarity of meals);
alcohol abuse;
an abundance of stress;
sleep disorders.

All these features together and separately can lead to an increase in numbers on the scale. If the cause is not identified in a timely manner and its impact is not neutralized, this process can reach catastrophic proportions.

How to determine the degree of obesity?

Many do not consider fullness a disease, especially in Russia - because of traditional views. But, according to medical data, obese people are more likely to suffer from various diseases, the occurrence of which contributes to excess weight. Due to excess weight, metabolic disorders, joint problems, etc. are more likely to develop. Therefore, you should know what weight is normal and which indicators indicate an increased risk.

The appearance of surpluses in the vast majority of cases is due to hereditary factors and nutritional characteristics. Only 5% of overweight people suffer from it due to endocrine disorders. But both are a problem.

It is also important to distinguish between the concepts of "obesity" and "overweight".

Excess weight is the excess of its normal values. This is a prerequisite for the development of obesity, but this feature is not considered a disease. Obesity is understood as the presence of a significant excess of weight. This is already a disease that has stages of progression and which requires treatment. The degree of development of the pathology affects the features of therapy, so it is very important to understand how to determine it.

To determine the significance of the disease in humans, you can use different methods. There are special formulas by which this can be calculated.

Formulas for calculation in adults

To identify the disease in question, several different ways are used. Most often, I use the body mass index for this, thanks to which it is possible to establish how much the patient's weight deviates from the norm up or down. Additional methods can also be applied.

By body mass index (BMI)

Identifying the problem using body mass index is the most common method.

To find it, you need to divide the mass (kg) by the height (m) squared: BMI \u003d m / h²

People who are unfamiliar with this method want to know how many degrees of obesity there are based on BMI. It comes in three degrees.

Indicators that can be identified using this formula:

Significant weight loss (index less than 16).
Lack of mass (16-18.5).
Norm (18.5-24.9).
Preobesity (25-29.9).
Obesity 1 degree (30-34.9).
Obesity 2 degrees (35-39.9).
Obesity 3 degrees (more than 40).

Calculations can be made manually or use a calculator that will quickly determine what state the person's weight is in.

Ideal body weight

Another way to calculate is to calculate the ideal mass index.

This requires a formula:

P \u003d 50 kg + (H - 150) * 0.75.

In it, P is the value of the ideal weight, and H is the height of a person in cm.

This formula allows you to calculate the ideal body weight for men. To identify the same indicator in women, 3.5 kg must be subtracted from the resulting number.

Having identified the norm, it is possible to determine how much the real data exceed it.

This method allows you to determine obesity 4 degrees. The degree depends on how many percent the excess is observed.

The values are:

For stage 1, an excess of the ideal mark by 29% is inherent.
The second degree is characterized by an increase of 30-49%.
People with stage 3 have 50-99% excess weight.
At 4 degrees, the increase in mass exceeds 100%.

Regardless of the level of development, obesity is a problem and its detection requires rapid action.

This term is called the extreme degree of pathology. It is a very dangerous violation, since a person’s well-being with such a problem is very bad, and his appearance frightens him.

In the presence of a morbid type of pathology, it is sometimes even difficult for the patient to satisfy his needs on his own.

This violation is very often accompanied by many additional difficulties.

Most often observed:

diabetes;
hormonal disorders;
diseases of the cardiovascular system;
skeletal changes;
digestive problems.

A person is not able to overcome this pathology on his own. The bad thing is that some people with such a diagnosis do not consider it dangerous at all and worry only because of aesthetics. Meanwhile, with morbid obesity, many difficulties arise.

For example:

BMI over 40;
because of this disorder, the patient suffers from weakness, excessive sweating, shortness of breath, a general deterioration in well-being;
such people often have psychological problems and difficulties with adaptation in society;
often they develop dependence on food;
restrictions in motor activity - it is difficult for a sick person to perform even simple actions.

Due to morbid obesity, additional diseases develop. Their occurrence is due to this problem, therefore, in order to eliminate them, you must first overcome it.

Adipose tissue distribution and classification

To better understand what the difficulties are, it is necessary not only to identify the presence of excess weight, but also to establish its type.

There are two types of obesity:

android. This variety is called male or a set of kilograms in the form of an apple. It is characterized by the formation of internal fat. Also, fat is formed in the waist and abdomen, which is why the figure of a person with such a violation resembles an apple. This type of pathology is considered more dangerous, since it is he who provokes the development of additional health problems.
Gynoid. There is also another name for this type - pear-shaped. In this case, fat is deposited mainly in the lower body - on the hips and buttocks. Most often it occurs in women.

These varieties are considered male and female in theory, but may not be true in reality.

Android and gynoid types of obesity in women

Despite the fact that the gynoid type develops more often in women, they are also likely to develop the android type (see photo).

Recently, such cases have become frequent. Therefore, in women, fat can be deposited either on the hips (pear-shaped physique) or on the waist and abdomen (the figure looks like an apple).

Some may have fairly thin hips but lots of fat around the waist, while others have relatively thin waists but full hips.

Men also gain weight not only in the male pattern. Increasingly, there are representatives of the stronger sex with the distribution of fat according to the gynoid type - their hips are getting fat, fat deposits appear in the area of \u200b\u200bthe arms and mammary glands.

But such cases are still not very common. More often in men, the increase is called "beer belly" - which is more physiological for them. Nevertheless, the android variety of pathology is the most dangerous for health, since it is because of it that concomitant diseases usually develop.

The risk of developing certain diseases can be assessed by determining the ratio between the waist and hips. To do this, the volume of the first must be divided by the volume of the second.

Normal results are:

up to one - for men;
up to 0.85 for women.

If these figures are higher, the risk of vascular and cardiac disorders, as well as diabetes, increases.

Also, to assess the appearance and weight, it is important to take into account the waist measurement. For the male half of the population, this number should not exceed 94 cm. The maximum allowable value for women is 80 cm. If it is exceeded, there is also a risk of complications.

Degrees and causes of obesity in children

To avoid health problems caused by excess weight, you need to know what indicator is considered normal. Having determined the ideal data, a person can take the necessary measures to reduce the real numbers or to preserve them.

But the above formulas and values are suitable for ordinary adults. These rules are not suitable for children or athletes, because in childhood there are completely different proportions, and in people who are actively involved in sports, muscle mass predominates. In this regard, there are difficulties in determining the normal indicators for both.

Childhood obesity is a growing problem. On the territory of Russia, such cases are still rare, but around the world this phenomenon is becoming widespread.

The risks associated with this deviation for children are similar to those for adults. Only in childhood, the situation is complicated by the fact that the presence of extra pounds and concomitant diseases can lead to violations in the development of the child.

The reasons for the development of overweight in children are similar to those that are characteristic of adults.

These include:

malnutrition (excess of sweets and fast food in the child's diet);
low mobility (modern children often avoid physical activity, preferring to spend time at the computer);
heredity (if parents are overweight, then children often develop it too).

To avoid negative consequences, it is necessary to form the correct eating habits in the child, to prevent excessive consumption of sweets, to develop in the child a tendency to play sports, and to treat any organismal disorders in a timely manner.

You should also be aware of special periods when the risk of a problem is increased. These are the periods when hormonal changes occur, due to which metabolism can be disturbed.

This happens in early childhood and preschool age. But the most risky is the period of puberty. At this time, it is very important to maintain a balance, preventing the occurrence of obesity, but also not limiting the growing body in the necessary nutrition.

Video from Dr. Komarovsky about obesity in children:

How can you tell if a child already has a weight problem?

Finding out if the baby has problems in this area is quite difficult. It is customary for pediatricians to use special tables that indicate the average indicators according to age. They can also measure subcutaneous fat deposits by pulling back the skin on the forearm.

Parents can use the popular BMI calculation method. You need to act in the same way as for adults (the formula is similar), but the indicators will be slightly different.

They are as follows:

Preobesity - BMI value is in the range of 25-30.
The first stage of obesity is 30-35.
The second stage is 35-40.
The third stage - BMI exceeds 40.

The presence of excess weight can also be detected visually. Parents can look at the baby's belly. If there is significant swelling in the area around the navel, then there is a problem.

But the notion of norm is relative. Weight is not only affected by age. They depend on gender, hereditary factors, the general constitution of the body. Therefore, if you suspect the development of the disease, you should consult a doctor.

Classification in children

Obesity in childhood can also be divided into stages. For classification, it is still not the BMI that is often used, but the excess of the normal value as a percentage.

According to this, 4 stages of the development of pathology are distinguished:

At the first stage, the child's weight is exceeded by 15-24%.
The second degree is characterized by the presence of 25-49% of excess weight.
In the third stage, body weight is increased by 50-99%.
With the fourth degree, weight can be 100% or more more than the age norm. This stage is considered the most dangerous, since such children have a huge risk for the occurrence of many diseases.

Any of them requires careful attention from parents and doctors. But from the position of overcoming the disease, it is better to detect it at an early stage of development.

The degree of obesity by body mass index is presented as the ratio of a person's body weight to his height, with their help, you can determine the underweight, overweight or normal weight of a person.

BMI (Body Mass Index) is an abbreviated medical term that, translated from English, means body mass index. Currently, BMI is one of the main ways to determine the physical condition of a person, but still it alone is not enough.

As an addition, it is worth determining the amount of fat in the abdominal cavity, significant indicators of which indicate dangerous abdominal obesity even in the case of a normal BMI. Statistics show that people with a slightly elevated index are often healthier and their life expectancy is longer than those whose index is normal. Research is currently underway to increase the low level of overweight, which is 25.

Required indicators

Like various other indicators, this method has certain limitations that have been found in practice. So, the type of figure of women or the thickness of the bone tissue can affect the final result. As a result of the presence of muscle mass, the same indicator may indicate the presence of excess weight or a toned, athletic figure. But despite this, this method is the most correct, it will show the real picture and will become indispensable for losing weight.

How to calculate the index correctly? First of all, you need to know your exact weight in kilograms and height in meters. It is best to measure weight in the morning, since at this time the most accurate indicators. When determining height, it should be borne in mind that in the morning, when a person just woke up, the height is 1-2 cm more, and in the evening a little less, since the spine gets tired during the day and a slight shrinkage occurs. As a result, minor errors may occur.

The degree of obesity by body mass index can be determined by the following formula:

Index = mass in kg divided by height in cm. During calculations, height is squared. Obesity has 3 degrees:

Determination of weight-to-height ratios

This table shows the ratio of height and weight (click to enlarge):

Definition of stages of obesity

You can determine the degree of obesity using the data in the table:

If the BMI is less than 18.5, then this indicates that the weight is insufficient.
If the BMI range is 18.5-24.9, this indicates a healthy weight.
Index in the range of 25-29.9 - overweight. This is not yet obesity, but it is worth thinking about reducing body weight. It is worth reducing the amount of sugar consumption and giving preference to an active lifestyle.
An index with a run of 30-34.9 reports the first stage of obesity. As a result, there is a possibility of diabetes, atherosclerosis and various heart diseases.
An indicator in the range of 35-39.9 is the second degree. It is urgently necessary to contact a specialist who will help get rid of excess weight. At this stage, the probability of getting diabetes, atherosclerosis and heart disease increases by 3 times.
In the case of an index above 40, we can talk about the third stage of obesity, which threatens human life. It is necessary to constantly be under the supervision of a doctor on a strict diet. Such excess weight does not allow the body to function properly. The patient is difficult to tolerate physical activity, shortness of breath appears after a short time, and independent methods of losing weight end in failure.

What is the danger of being overweight

In a normal state, a person has adipose tissue in the body. It acts as a store of human energy and can be transformed into other substances necessary for the body that are not available, such as protein or carbohydrates. Adipose tissue is involved in the production of hormones that regulate various processes in the body, vitamins and cell wall elements, and helps protect the body from hypothermia and overheating in the summer. But a large amount of accumulated adipose tissue activates pathological processes.

Obesity by body mass index is classified not only by degree, but also by type. According to their origin, they can be divided into primary and secondary. Primary arise as a result of overeating - alimentary type. The secondary arises as a result of a deep internal disturbance. Often this occurs as a result of pathology of the endocrine system. These can be diseases such as diseases of the thyroid gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland. In men, the accumulation of excess weight is associated with a decrease in the amount of testosterone in the blood.

Various can be identified by the appearance of the figure, which was formed as a result of excess weight. With the gynoid type of women, the figure resembles a pear. In this case, fat is deposited on the buttocks, thighs, lower abdomen, as a result of which the threat of diseases of the internal organs is reduced.

Obesity of the male type or abdominal is dangerous to health, since fat most often accumulates in the abdomen, which adversely affects the internal organs. There is a difficulty in the functioning of the liver, heart, as a result of which their work worsens. A similar type can be diagnosed in the following way: if you calculate the volume of the waist to the volume of the hips and it will be higher than 0.8 for women and 1 for the male half, then there is a high probability of developing a health hazard.

Thus, it becomes clear how to determine the degree of obesity.

Obesity is one of the pressing problems of the modern world. In fact, this is a chronic disease that is caused by a violation of fat metabolism. It is important to note that not only the human figure suffers, but also the internal organs and body systems.

There are different degrees of obesity according to the body mass index, which can be calculated using the existing formula. Knowing the number, you can determine whether there is excess weight and how many kilograms you need to lose in order to reach the norm.

How to calculate the degree of obesity?

Nutritionists and many professionals have worked on deriving a formula that would be able to determine whether a person is overweight or, on the contrary, there is a lack of kilograms. To calculate your body mass index (BMI), you need to divide your weight in kilograms by your height in meters, which you need to square. Consider an example, in order to calculate the degree in a woman whose weight is 98 kg and her height is 1.62 m, you must use the formula: BMI \u003d 98 / 1.62x1.62 \u003d 37.34. After that, you need to use the table and determine if there is a problem. In our example, the resulting body mass index indicates that the woman has first-degree obesity and attempts should be made to correct everything so as not to start the problem even more.

Classification of degrees of obesity

Description of the degrees of obesity by BMI:

1 degree. People who fall into this category have no major complaints other than being overweight and having an ugly figure.
2 degree. This group also includes people who do not yet have major health problems, and if you pull yourself together and start treatment, you can avoid serious consequences.
3 degree. People in this category are already beginning to complain of fatigue and weakness even with minimal physical exertion. You can also notice the appearance of problems with the heart rhythm, as well as an increase in the size of the organ.
4 degree. In this case, people have serious problems with the work of the cardiovascular system. A person with this degree of BMI complains of pain in the heart and arrhythmia. In addition, there are problems with the work of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, etc.

Thanks to the determination of BMI, it is possible not only to determine the degree of obesity, but also the risk of developing diseases of the cardiovascular system, diabetes and other diseases that appear due to excess weight.

To get rid of obesity, you should not starve and severely restrict yourself in food, as this can lead to an aggravation of the problem. It is necessary to consult a nutritionist and a doctor, because specialists will help to draw up an individual program of getting rid of without compromising health.

BMI = m/h2, Where:
m- mass in kg,
h- height in cm

BMI in the range of 30-34.9 - obesity of the first degree. With the Body Mass Index Calculator, it is easy to determine the presence of fat in the body. The body mass index is determined by a very simple empirical relationship. Like any relative indicators, the calculation of body mass index requires some reservations when used in practice. Therefore, for a more accurate assessment of the degree of fat accumulation, along with the body mass index, it is advisable to also determine the indices of central obesity.

And even they sometimes consider their volumes excessive! However, there is a reliable way to determine whether such a problem exists in reality or only in your head. To calculate it, take your weight in kilograms and divide it by the square of your height in meters. By the way, calculating your ideal body weight is also very easy: just multiply the square of your height in meters by the desired indicator within the normal range. Let's say we take 21 as a guideline.

To calculate the degree of obesity, you need to know your exact weight in kilograms and height in meters. Height is squared in the calculation. The table shows not only the stages of obesity by BMI, but also other options for indicators. Now you see how to find out the degree of obesity - just compare your personal BMI with the parameters in the table.

With grades 1 and 2, patients do not experience much discomfort and rarely turn to nutritionists for help. In the first two stages, the patient can try to lose weight on their own through diet and exercise. There are several additional ways to determine the degree of obesity. Bornhardt index. Determining the degree of overweight for all these methods involves indicators of height and weight. However, these methods can be biased in relation to, for example, athletes - bodybuilders.

Body mass index and health in old age

Classifying obesity by degrees, there are also its types. It comes in primary and secondary origin. Male-type obesity, or abdominal obesity, can be fraught with health risks, as fat accumulates in the abdomen and internal organs.

Body mass index and its calculation (calculator and table)

Knowing how to calculate the degree of obesity on your own, you can determine whether you need to contact a nutritionist. If you are overweight, then the sooner you start to fight it competently, the faster your figure will become slim and beautiful. Recommended weight gain, treatment of anorexia. Physically active people who play sports may get an overestimation associated with large muscle mass, and not with the amount of body fat.

BMI in the range of 25-29.9 - overweight is observed. This is not yet obesity, but you need to reduce body weight. This is not just a matter of aesthetics and appearance, but also your health. In the presence of such obesity, the chances of suffering from diabetes, heart disease, and atherosclerosis almost double. After all, so many people suffer from diseases associated with the presence of excess fat in the body! By the way, correct the Name of Sylvester Gardenzio Stallone. Yes, and we will add your blog to our list of dofollow blogs.

Even slender girls happen to worry about their weight, and only ballerinas or gymnasts do not say the phrase "I'm fat", to myself or out loud. In addition to height-weight indicators, the method for determining the thickness of the skin fold proposed by Korovin can be used. However, the individual characteristics of each figure and constitution do not make it so easy to understand what ideal figure on the scales to strive for. Because of this, some girls neglect their body problems, while others, on the contrary, exaggerate them.

The body mass index is a unique tool invented two centuries ago and is successfully used by people who are worried about their health. My body mass index is 19.7. I note with pleasure that this is the norm) The main thing is to maintain this state. Based on alternative methods for calculating normal body weight, obesity is distributed in degrees not from the value of the index itself, but from how much the patient's body weight exceeds the ideal.

The photo above, on the left, has a female appearance of the distribution of fat mass (rather thin waist and full hips), in the photo on the right you see a woman with fat that has been deposited on the abdomen and waist, and the hips are relatively thin - this is male-type obesity or abdominal.

Waist to hip ratio

Waist measurement

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